CCS

Government pursuing Egypt carbon emissions storage plan

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The Greek government is pursuing the prospect of transporting and storing CO2 emission quantities beyond the EU, in Egypt, as part of a plan to help local industries reduce their carbon footprint through carbon capture and storage (CCS) solutions.

Athens has reached out to the European Commission for a revision of its industrial emissions management strategy that could permit storage of captured CO2 in countries outside the EU.

The Greek government supports that the geology in Europe’s south differs from that in the north, meaning that geological structures suitable for CO2 storage in Mediterranean countries are scarce.

The prospect of Greek industries utilizing carbon emissions storage infrastructure to be developed in Egypt has been extensively discussed at recent meetings between the governments of the two countries.

These talks have been constructive and established firm ground for further cooperation between Greece and Egypt in the CCS sector, amongst other fields, sources told energypress.

Greece’s carbon emissions are estimated to total 15 million tons, annually, well above the storage capacity of the prospective Prinos CCS project planned by Energean in the country’s north. This project is expected to offer a carbon storage capacity of between 3 and 4 million tons.

EDEYEP exploring two more areas in north for CCS potential

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EDEYEP, the Hellenic Hydrocarbons and Energy Resources Management Company, appears to have identified two more areas in Greece’s north, besides Prinos, that could be appropriate for the development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects.

Unlike Prinos, a hydrocarbon deposit, the new areas identified by the company are deep saline aquifers, or geological formations consisting of water permeable rocks that are saturated with salt water.

CO2 storage needs of industrial producers are constantly rising throughout Europe. This trend has led to more extensive scanning of both hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon areas, onshore and offshore, for suitable sites that could cater to CCS needs.

One of the two areas identified by EDEYEP is situated in Greece’s central Macedonian region and is spread both onshore and offshore. The other is in western Macedonia’s Grevena region.

Both locations, selected from a longer list that resulted from an initial survey conducted by EDEYEP in 2020, seem to possess attributes suitable for CCS projects, namely large capacity and a proven safe and secure storage environment.

EDEYEP, joined by EKETA, the National Center for Research and Technological Development, has been surveying the CCS potential of the aforementioned locations for quite some time with support from an EU-funded PilotSTRATEGY CCUS program, designed to promote exploration of sites in southern and eastern Europe for development of large-scale CCS projects.

Hydrogen, CCS development concerns expressed by officials

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The country’s planned regulatory framework and financial support for development of the hydrogen sector and a CCS supply chain lack realism and flexibility, market players have protested.

These complaints were directed towards the Greek government and the European Commission as a Brussels task force and top-ranked energy ministry officials continue talks on pending issues ahead of Greece’s application for a fourth installment of Recovery and Resilience Facility funds.

Giorgos Alexopoulos, deputy CEO at Helleniq Energy, formerly named Hellenic Petroleum, told an annual RRF conference that EU policy on the regulatory framework for hydrogen development is flawed, making production of hydrogen almost impossible beyond 2030.

He attributed this concern to a green hydrogen regulation requiring RES participation in national grids to be at a level of over 90 percent.

“This requirement places in doubt green hydrogen production almost anywhere in Europe, except for the Nordic countries,” Alexopoulos supported, calling on the European Commission to show more flexibility on the matter, a stance that was backed by Johannes Luebking, head of the visiting RRF task force.

Failure to resolve the issue will delay the hydrogen sector’s development and its penetration of natural gas networks, Alexopoulos warned.

Greece has committed to having prepared a regulatory framework for hydrogen by June, one of the requirements set if the country Greece is to secure 795 million euros in financial support for energy projects through REPowerEU, bolstering the preceding RRF initiative.

Revisions needed by June for next installment of RRF funds

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Recovery and Resilience Facility milestones set by the European Commission for Greece this year were the focus of discussions between deputy energy minister Alexandra Sdoukou and Brussels officials at a meeting in the Greek capital as the government prepares to submit its application for a fourth installment of RRF funds.

The European Commission’s RRF task force has held a series of meetings in Athens over the past few days with all ministries involved.

Greece’s list of projects seeking financial support through REPowerEU, bolstering the preceding RRF initiative, is worth a total of 795 million euros and includes Exikonomo, a 560 million-euro subsidy program for energy-efficiency upgrades of buildings; a 75 million-euro support plan for hydrogen and biomethane development; a further 75 million euros for a CCS supply chain; and 85 million euros for energy storage systems.

However, revisions, part of the milestones set for the second quarter of this year, will need to be finalized and ratified in Greek Parliament by June before these sums can be extended.

The RRF, a Brussels support initiative introduced during the pandemic, has now reached its midway mark and is scheduled to be completed by August, 2026. Greece is expected to submit its application for a fourth installment of RRF funds in April.

Swifter H2 framework action needed to secure EU funds

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Procedures to establish a regulatory framework on hydrogen, biomethane and CCS need to be accelerated, otherwise the country risks missing out on crucial EU support funds promoting these sectors through the Energy Transition Fund, market sources have stressed. The regulatory framework needs to be finalized by a June 30 deadline.

Officials at RAAEY, the Regulatory Authority for Waste, Energy and Water, and the energy ministry are currently engaged in talks with market players interested in developing hydrogen-related projects but needing clarity.

The emergence of the hydrogen market as a new market poses regulatory and operational questions. It is not yet clear how these responsibilities will be distributed.

Though final decisions have yet to be taken, the energy ministry appears inclined to appoint RAAEY as the hydrogen sector’s regulatory authority and gas grid operator DESFA as its operator, as the sector will use networks already managed by this operator, energypress sources have informed.

As for distribution, the ministry appears likely to take the course taken in other European markets, where the role of distribution network operator is performed by companies that make the investments, resulting in multiple small distribution systems.

REPowerEU: €75m for DESFA pipeline serving Prinos CCS

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Gas grid operator DESFA stands to receive funding support worth 75 million euros through the REPowerEU program for the development of a pipeline to serve carbon capture units planned to be installed by cement producers Heracles and Titan at their respective facilities in Milaki, on the island Evia, and Kamari, in the Viotia region, slightly northwest of Athens.

The pipeline will deliver emissions from the two production plants to a carbon dioxide liquefaction facility, which will also be built by DESFA but will not be supported by REPowerEU funding.

The liquefied emissions of the two cement plants will then be transferred for permanent storage at the Prinos CCS, to be developed by Energean.

The liquefaction facility will be located at a coastal area in the wider Athens area, one possibility being the islet Revithoussa. The choice of the location will be made once technical studies have been carried out by DESFA.

The project is planned to be developed concurrently with Energean’s Prinos CCS. The pipeline is planned for launch in 2026 following its completion late in 2025.

Brussels fully approves Greek list of REPowerEU projects

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The European Commission has approved all energy projects included on a new list prepared by the energy ministry and submitted to Brussels for support through a revised REPowerEU program.

Brussels’ approval comes as a positive first step, but plenty of work lies ahead if the projects included on the REPowerEU list are to be actualized.

The REPowerEU program, proposed by the European Commission in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, aims to end the EU’s reliance on Russian fossil fuels before 2030.

Based on past experience, the energy ministry knows well how challenging it will be to coordinate various agencies in the public and private sectors so that a Resilience and Recovery Fund deadline, set for December 31, 2026, is met. The revised RePowerEU section, which includes projects budgeted at 795 million euros, is part of Greece’s RRF.

The available period of just over three years may seem like plenty of time, but given the complexity of the projects, it is not.

Greece’s 795 million-euro RePowerEU list is made up of 560 million euros for energy saving projects, 75 million euros for hydrogen and biomethane projects, 75 million euros for a Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) supply chain, and 85 million euros for energy storage systems.

Prinos CCS state aid talks with European Commission begin

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Prinos CCS, a carbon capture and storage project being promoted by upstream company Energean as Greece’s first CCS facility, at a depleted underwater Prinos field, south of Kavala, is approaching the stage of development.

The Greek ministry has pre-notified the European Commission on a relevant support scheme, within the framework of Climate, Energy and Environmental Aid Guidelines, allowing exceptions to an EU ban on state aid in the climate, environment and energy sectors.

The ministry’s pre-notification is expected to initiate consultation between the two sides for the formation of a support scheme that will need to be appraised and approved by Brussels.

Greek officials have also submitted a funding request for 50 million euros through the REPowerEU facility.

Prinos CCS has been included in a sixth edition of a PCI/PMI list, which was given the green light yesterday by a relevant Brussels committee but still needs to be approved by European Parliament and the European Council.

PCI/PMI status would facilitate financing for the CCS project’s development plans through the Connecting Europe Facility, the EU fund supporting infrastructure investments in transport, energy, digital and telecommunication projects. This status could also lead to favorable borrowing terms for the project.

Greek gas grid operator DESFA is supporting the effort to secure PCI/PMI status for the Prinos CCS project.

DESFA’s role in the project’s development would entail constructing a network for collecting CO2 quantities. Industries operating in the wider Athens area would be connected to this network.

CO2 amounts would be liquefied and temporarily stored at a facility near the port of Elefsina, west of Athens, then loaded onto CO2 tankers and shipped out to the Prinos CCS.

Energean holds a license for the Prinos facility, currently running until August, 2024. As a next step, the company will need to secure a social and environmental impact study. Its approval would enable Energean to take a next step and apply to EDEYEP, the Hellenic Hydrocarbons and Energy Resources Management Company, for a CO2 storage license, which would make the company its operator.

Energean plans to start operating the Prinos CCS in late 2025 or early 2026 at a first-phase level for storage of up to 1 million tons of CO2 per year.

 

Italy aiming for CO2 exports to Prinos facility by early 2030

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Italy is focusing on efforts to export captured CO2 quantities for storage in Greece starting early next decade.

A joint carbon capture and storage (CCS) project involving Greece, Italy and France, also open to the participation of other countries in the future, was presented earlier this year in the neighboring country’s revised National Energy and Climate Plan, as part of the TEN-E regulation, offering guidelines for cross-border energy infrastructure.

Rome is seeking to channel CO2 quantities to Greece for storage at the depleted Prinos field. According to Italy’s NECP, facilities with a capacity of 3.6 million tons per year will be built in Italy to offer export potential to Greece from the first half of 2030.

As a next step, Italy needs to complete a regulatory framework for carbon capture, before establishing related bilateral contacts with Greece.

The underground Prinos storage facility is planned to be operational no sooner than three years from now, with an initial CO2 storage capacity of between 0.5 and 1 million tons, which could be boosted in the future.

The project has been included in the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), while an application has also been submitted for EU Innovation Fund support.

Additional €795m REPowerEU funds sought for key projects

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A request just submitted by Athens to the European Commission for amendments to the Resilience and Recovery Fund includes a new RePowerEU section worth an additional 795 million euros, intended for support to key projects. If approved by Brussels, some of these projects may commence development this year, with full-scale development planned for next year.

Indeed, the successful implementation of these projects will depend on the efficiency and agility of the Greek public administration. As projects progress to the next stages, the need for accelerated procedures and effective management will become increasingly crucial to meet critical milestones and secure funding.

Most of these additional funds, a 560 million-euro majority, are planned to be allocated to new rounds of subsidy support for energy efficiency upgrades of residential properties and businesses.

A 150-million sum is planned to be made available for pilot projects concerning biomethane production and, primarily, carbon capture and storage (CCS) initiatives.

The remaining amount, 85 million euros, is planned to be offered to investors for energy storage system installations.

CCS technology development promises multiple benefits

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The development of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology promises multiple benefits to the country’s environment, economy and industry as the achievement of carbon neutrality targets and an effective response to growing demand for low-carbon products can establish the country as a leader in sustainable development, EDEYEP (Hellenic Hydrocarbons and Energy Resources Management Company) and professional services firm KPMG have noted.

The development of CCS technology can provide a competitive advantage to Greek industries, creating employment opportunities and attracting EU funding, in particular through the Innovation Fund, they pointed out.

Building a value chain in CCS technology will contribute to the country’s prosperity and the achievement of its climate goals, while contributing to the global effort to combat climate change, EDEYEP and KPMG noted.

Though a related framework has been prepared, it requires more flexibility, according to EDEYEP and KPMG.

An important step in this direction was taken with a new regulation allowing holders of hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation concessions to use surveys they have already carried out, and the data they have collected, to obtain a permit to explore for CO2 storage in parts of the block they have been granted.